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Exploring the relationships between small non-community drinking water system characteristics and water system performance in Ontario, Canada

Wendy Pons, Ian Young, David Pearl, Andria Jones-Bitton, Scott A. McEwen, Katarina Pintar, Andrew Papadopoulos
Available Online 22 August 2016, wh2016007; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.007
Wendy Pons
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.ca
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Ian Young
School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 249, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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David Pearl
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.ca
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Andria Jones-Bitton
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.ca
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Scott A. McEwen
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.ca
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Katarina Pintar
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.caFoodNet Canada, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, 2936 Baseline Rd, Tower A, Room 334B, Ottawa, ON K2H 1B3
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Andrew Papadopoulos
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 E-mail: wpons@uoguelph.ca
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  • Errata - June 01, 2017

Abstract

The objectives of this work were to investigate the relationships between characteristics of Small Non-Community Drinking Water Systems (SDWSs) and the performance of these systems with respect to E. coli testing and risk ratings. Ontario-wide SDWS data were analysed using regression models with outcomes of: (1) having an adverse E. coli test result in the 12 months prior to the last inspection and (2) the SDWS risk rating (high/medium vs. low risk) that is assigned by public health inspectors. Almost 34% (2,364/7,003) of SDWSs did not utilize treatment, more commonly for ground water than surface supplies (P < 0.001). The odds of having a positive E. coli test result were greater in systems using ground water with treatment (OR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.23–3.24) and surface water with treatment (OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.05–3.71) compared to ground water with no treatment. The odds of having a water system rated high or medium compared to low risk was greater if the water system operated seasonally (OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.17–1.59), had an adverse E. coli test result (OR = 1.66; 95% CI 1.09–2.53), and in specific facility types. This research helps to inform existing training opportunities available to SDWS operators in Ontario, and to better standardize the SDWS risk assessment process.

  • drinking water
  • public health
  • public health inspection
  • risk assessment
  • small drinking water system
  • water quality
  • First received 11 January 2016.
  • Accepted in revised form 2 July 2016.
  • © IWA Publishing 2016

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Journal of Water and Health: 16 (1)
  Volume 16,issue 1

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Exploring the relationships between small non-community drinking water system characteristics and water system performance in Ontario, Canada
Wendy Pons, Ian Young, David Pearl, Andria Jones-Bitton, Scott A. McEwen, Katarina Pintar, Andrew Papadopoulos
Journal of Water and Health Aug 2016, wh2016007; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.007
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Exploring the relationships between small non-community drinking water system characteristics and water system performance in Ontario, Canada
Wendy Pons, Ian Young, David Pearl, Andria Jones-Bitton, Scott A. McEwen, Katarina Pintar, Andrew Papadopoulos
Journal of Water and Health Aug 2016, wh2016007; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.007

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Keywords

drinking water
public health
public health inspection
risk assessment
small drinking water system
water quality
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