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  • Volume 4, Issue 3

The health effects of flooding: social research results from England and Wales

Sylvia Tunstall, Sue Tapsell, Colin Green, Peter Floyd, Carolyn George
Published September 2006, 4 (3) 365-380; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.031
Sylvia Tunstall
Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SF, UK, Tel.: +44(0)208 411 6102, Fax: +44 (0) 208 411 5403, s.tunstall@mdx.ac.uk
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Sue Tapsell
Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SF, UK, Tel.: +44(0)208 411 6102, Fax: +44 (0) 208 411 5403, s.tunstall@mdx.ac.uk
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Colin Green
Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University, Queensway, Enfield, Middlesex, EN3 4SF, UK, Tel.: +44(0)208 411 6102, Fax: +44 (0) 208 411 5403, s.tunstall@mdx.ac.uk
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Peter Floyd
Risk and Policy Analysts Ltd., 1 Beccles Road, Loddon, Norfolks, NR14 6LT, UK
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Carolyn George
Risk and Policy Analysts Ltd., 1 Beccles Road, Loddon, Norfolks, NR14 6LT, UK
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Abstract

This paper presents interview survey data by social scientists using established health measures on the health effects of flooding for residents in 30 locations in England and Wales. Firstly, it examines the extent to which flooded residents reported suffering physical and psychological health effects during and after the event. Secondly, it explores the issue of whether these effects were long-lasting by comparisons with the general population and with those at risk but not flooded. In the study, about two thirds of the flood victims were found to have scores on the General Health Questionnaire-12 scale indicative of mental health problems (scores of 4+) at their worst time after flooding. The evidence of the study also suggests that some flood victims suffered long term mental health effects as a result of their experience of flooding. The study examines the influence of a wide range of factors: characteristics of the flood event, types of property, and socio-demographic and the intervening factors such as the extent of family or community support that may explain the health effects of flooding. It finds that a complex set of social and other factors are involved and that some factors susceptible to human intervention such as having adequate flood insurance cover are important factors in the stress experienced by flood victims.

  • flooding
  • flood risk management
  • General Health Questionnaire-12
  • physical health
  • psychological health
  • social characteristics
  • © IWA Publishing 2006
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Journal of Water and Health: 16 (2)
  Volume 4, Issue 3

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The health effects of flooding: social research results from England and Wales
Sylvia Tunstall, Sue Tapsell, Colin Green, Peter Floyd, Carolyn George
Journal of Water and Health Sep 2006, 4 (3) 365-380; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.031
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The health effects of flooding: social research results from England and Wales
Sylvia Tunstall, Sue Tapsell, Colin Green, Peter Floyd, Carolyn George
Journal of Water and Health Sep 2006, 4 (3) 365-380; DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.031

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Keywords

flooding
flood risk management
General Health Questionnaire-12
physical health
psychological health
social characteristics
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