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  • Volume 1, Issue 4

Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study

Rachel T. Noble, Steven M. Allen, Angelia D. Blackwood, Weiping Chu, Sunny C. Jiang, Greg L. Lovelace, Mark D. Sobsey, Jill R. Stewart, Douglas A. Wait
Published December 2003, 1 (4) 195-207;
Rachel T. Noble
UNC-Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557, USATel: +1/2527266841 x150 Fax: +1/2527262426 E-mail: rtnoble@email.unc.edu
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Steven M. Allen
Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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Angelia D. Blackwood
UNC-Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557, USATel: +1/2527266841 x150 Fax: +1/2527262426 E-mail: rtnoble@email.unc.edu
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Weiping Chu
Department of Environmental Health, Science, and Policy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Sunny C. Jiang
Department of Environmental Health, Science, and Policy, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Greg L. Lovelace
UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Mark D. Sobsey
UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Jill R. Stewart
Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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Douglas A. Wait
UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Abstract

Assays for the detection and typing of adenoviruses, enteroviruses and F+ specific coliphages were performed on samples created as part of a national microbial source tracking methods comparison study. The samples were created blind to the researchers, and were inoculated with a variety of types of fecal contamination source (human, sewage, dog, seagull and cow) and mixtures of sources. Viral tracer and pathogen assays demonstrated a general ability to discriminate human from non-human fecal contamination. For example, samples inoculated with sewage were correctly identified as containing human fecal contamination because they contained human adenovirus or human enterovirus. In samples containing fecal material from individual humans, human pathogen analysis yielded negative results probably because the stool samples were taken from healthy individuals. False positive rates for the virus-based methods (0–8%) were among the lowest observed during the methods comparison study. It is suggested that virus-based source tracking methods are useful for identification of sewage contamination, and that these methods may also be useful as an indication of the public health risk associated with viral pathogens. Overall, virus-based source tracking methods are an important approach to include in the microbial source tracking ‘toolbox’.

  • bacterial indicators
  • coliphage
  • fecal
  • polymerase chain reaction
  • viral indicators
  • © IWA Publishing 2003
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Journal of Water and Health: 16 (1)
  Volume 1, Issue 4

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Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study
Rachel T. Noble, Steven M. Allen, Angelia D. Blackwood, Weiping Chu, Sunny C. Jiang, Greg L. Lovelace, Mark D. Sobsey, Jill R. Stewart, Douglas A. Wait
Journal of Water and Health Dec 2003, 1 (4) 195-207;
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Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study
Rachel T. Noble, Steven M. Allen, Angelia D. Blackwood, Weiping Chu, Sunny C. Jiang, Greg L. Lovelace, Mark D. Sobsey, Jill R. Stewart, Douglas A. Wait
Journal of Water and Health Dec 2003, 1 (4) 195-207;

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Keywords

bacterial indicators
coliphage
fecal
polymerase chain reaction
viral indicators
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